Psychology
Department Chair: Paula J. Martasian, Ph.D.
Modern Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes and, as such, will interest anyone intrigued by the "why" of emotions, personal achievements, interpersonal interactions and cultural practices. It is an invaluable resource for anyone planning a career in which success is dependent upon understanding human motivations. Ultimately, the science of behavior and mental processes enables us to take an objective approach to analyzing complex personal and social problems and separate valid ideas from pseudo-psychology.
Psychology informs students to understand themselves better, to grow as a result of the experience, and to gain a healthy respect for others. Psychology also offers students an opportunity to study multifaceted issues that illuminate the total human experience. These issues include emotional and intellectual growth, developmental processes and changes throughout the life cycle, social forces affecting individual and group behavior, deviation from mental health, human cognition, the quantification and measurement of behavior, ways of learning, biological factors, motivational forces, optimal human functioning and what makes humans unique in this world.
Our program seeks to individualize student's education based on the major subareas in current psychology with our student's interests, talents and passions. Coursework is based on the American Psychological Association guidelines and faculty areas of expertise. Motivated and independent learners are encouraged to augment their coursework with independent research and fieldwork. We encourage students to work closely with their advisor to make the most of their education and to reach their fullest potential.
In the courses offered by the department and, perhaps as important, is the personal one-on-one approach we take to our student's education outside of the classroom, we strive to carry on the goals of the University Mission. Our Goal is to nurture the enduring values of honesty, hard work, altruism, compassion, dignity, respect and service necessary for harmonious living in today's global family. The Psychology Department's goal is to assist our students in developing the skills and drive they will need to prepare themselves for the challenge of lifelong learning.
Accelerated Bachelor's/Master's Program Leading to the Master of Science in Behavior Analysis
Salve Regina University is the first in the U.S. to offer an accelerated program of study that leads to both a bachelor's in Psychology and a master's degree in Behavior Analysis in five years and summer work. This program is designed for the University's highly motivated, academically talented and qualified undergraduates with a required grade point average of 3.30, are 6 to 9 credits ahead starting their senior year or permission of the Program Director. Current undergraduates must complete the application process by February 15 of the junior year.
Undergraduate students considered for the accelerated bachelor’s/master’s degree program are conditionally accepted into the master's program and can take up to four graduate courses (12 credits) during their senior year and adjacent summers. Of these 12 credits, three elective credits can be applied to the undergraduate degree. Final program acceptance is contingent upon successful completion of the undergraduate degree and satisfactory academic progress in the graduate courses in the senior year. The total number of credits required to complete the accelerated bachelor’s/master’s degree program is 150, with 12 graduate credits completed during the senior year of undergrad and 24 graduate credits in the fifth year. Undergraduate students may register for no more than two graduate courses per semester and for a total of no more than four graduate courses while having undergraduate status.
Requirements for the Psychology Major or Minor
Students considering the Psychology major or minor should contact the department early in their University career to discuss their long-term goals, suggested sequences for courses, and the departmental requirements, as it is a great advantage to complete certain required courses such as PSY-100 Introduction to Psychology in their freshman year and PSY-325 Statistics and Research Methods I and PSY-326 Statistics and Research Methods II in their sophomore year (see below). Failure to get started early may jeopardize a student's ability to complete the major within the traditional four-year undergraduate career. We highly recommend semester study abroad experiences in the junior year or summer study abroad programs.
Students are encouraged to explore options for studies in another department by adding a minor or double major. For example Psychology majors may pursue a major in Social Work or a minor in Human Services (Click here for Social Work), or may be interested in The Psychology of Crime minor or to double major in Criminal Justice and Criminology (Click here for Criminal Justice and Criminology)
For more information, continue to read about our Psychology Programs and Course Offerings here in the Catalog and visit our Psychology Department website.
Psychology Student Learning Outcomes
The following Program Goals and Student Learning Outcomes are adopted from the APA Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major, Version 3.0.
At the completion of the program, students will be able to:
Goal 1 Content Knowledge and Applications
SLO 1 Demonstrate comprehensive content knowledge and effectively apply it to real world scenarios and problem-solving situations.
Goal 2 Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
SLO 2 Develop and apply scientific inquiry and critical thinking skills to analyze data, evaluate evidence and draw well supported conclusions.
Goal 3 Values in Psychological Science
SLO 3 Recognize and apply ethical principles and professional values in psychological science.
Goal 4 Communication, Psychological Literacy, and Technology Skills
SLO 4 Demonstrate effective communication apply psychological literacy and utilize technological skills to analyze, interpret and present information.
Goal 5 Personal and Professional Development
SLO 5 Engage in activities that promote personal growth and professional development preparing them for successful careers and lifelong learning.
PSY-090: Mindfulness Into Compassion (1 Credits)
Mindfulness, concentration and compassion are paths to peace and freedom in the psychology that is Buddhism. Students will cultivate the path of mindfulness techniques to hone concentration skills and their innate capacity for compassion. Students can expect meditation and movement practice, lecture and some reading and reflection writing with a closing evaluation.
PSY-096: Autism-Characteristics and Overview (1 Credits)
This workshop is designed to provide a broad overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder from many different facets, including diagnosis and characteristics, history, causes, treatments, societal attitudes, and neurodiversity.
PSY-100: Introduction to Psychology (3 Credits)
This course is designed to provide the student with a general overview of this diverse field. It surveys such areas as basic research design and quantification in the behavioral sciences, growth and development throughout the life cycle, cognition and learning, motivation and emotion, personality and conflict, maladaptive behavior, adjustment, and mental health. The course integrates the cultural, ethnic and gender factors influencing human actions and thus provides an important global framework for enhancing the students' understanding of behavior, behavior change, and cognitive processes. This course is the prerequisite for several psychology courses listed below.
Fulfills Core Requirement in Social Sciences.
Theme: What is Western Heritage?- Ancient and Modern.
PSY-100S: Introduction to Psychology and Community Engagement (1 Credits)
Co-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
This course is designed to provide the student with a general overview of this diverse field while participating in 28 hours of service in the Newport are identifying the psychological issues and needs of the population served. Enrollment is contingent on co-enrollment in a designated PSY-100 3 credit course. PSY-100 surveys such areas as basic research design and quantification in the behavioral sciences, growth and development throughout the life cycle, cognition and learning, motivation and emotion, personality and conflict, maladaptive behavior, adjustment, and mental health. The course integrates the cultural, ethnic and gender factors influencing human actions and thus provides an important global framework for enhancing the students understanding of behavior, behavior change, and cognitive processes. In PSY-100S students will have assignments where they connect their service component to specific psychological theories, principles, and /or research findings encountered in the readings in PSY-100. This 1-credit course experience is open to all majors.
PSY-210: Applied Behavior Analysis I (3 Credits)
This course is designed to provide students with an understanding of behavioral principles, with a focus on the application of the principles to areas of social significance. Topics include measurement of behavior, acquisition of new skills, assessment and reduction of behavioral problems, and areas of research and practice.
PSY-220: Child Development (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is recommended.
Child growth from conception to adolescence is explored to gain an understanding of individual differences, healthy personality development, and maladjustment. Typical behavior patterns and common transient divergences from these patterns will be discussed with reference to their hereditary and environmental antecedents.
Fulfills Core Requirement in Social Sciences.
Theme: Building Global Awareness.
PSY-230: Adolescent and Adult Psychology (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is recommended.
This course studies the experience of adulthood, beginning at the onset of adolescence, by examining the tasks which are unique to different periods of adult life. The physical, emotional, social, cognitive, and intellectual developmental processes during the adult years are examined in depth.
PSY-238: Adult Development and Aging (3 Credits)
Pre/Co-requisite(s): PSY-100 is recommended but is not required.
This course studies the experience of adulthood, beginning at the onset of emerging adulthood, by examining the tasks which are unique to different periods of adult life. The physical, emotional, social, cognitive, and intellectual developmental processes during the adult years are examined in depth, with attention to cultural differences and diversity in human development.
PSY-250: Social Psychology (3 Credits)
Social Psychology can be defined as the scientific study of how our thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by other people. Through Social Psychology you will come to see the power of the situation in influencing behavior, the potential power of the person in overcoming this influence, the importance of cognition in determining how we react to the situation, and the wide-ranging applicability of social psychological principles.
Fulfills Core Requirement in Social Sciences.
Theme: What is Western Heritage?- Ancient and Modern.
PSY-255: Psychology of Prejudice (3 Credits)
This course provides students with an opportunity to see how prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination can occur across a wide variety of settings and target many different populations. Students will learn how such beliefs and behaviors produce their debilitating effects and what might be done to prevent or remedy such effects.
Fulfills Core Requirement in Social Sciences.
Theme: Building Global Awareness.
PSY-260: Theories of Personality (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
In this course, students will survey the most important theories of personality in contemporary psychology. The way each theorist views the structure, dynamics, and development of personality is emphasized to facilitate comparisons. Additionally, each theory will be evaluated as to its validity and the reasonableness of its underlying assumptions. Some discussion of applications is included.
PSY-282: Psychology: Science Vs. Pseudoscience (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
The purpose of this course is to persuade students of the importance of critical thinking in matters both academic and personal. Its two primary objectives are to help students distinguish science from pseudoscience, by examining how scientific principles can be used to evaluate claims about a variety of phenomena, from auras and astrology, to ESP and UFOs, and to help students recognize how thinking can be easily biased and distorted.
Fulfills Core Requirement in Social Sciences.
Theme: Defining the American Experience.
PSY-290: Cross-Cultural Psychology (3 Credits)
This course will examine the nature of culture and its psychological correlates. Topics will include perceptions of reality, world view, cognition, motivation, personality development, values, beliefs and psychopathology based on current research on psychology across cultures. This course will also examine the effects of technology on personality development as observed by non-western traditional societies.
Fulfills Core Requirement in Social Sciences.
Theme: Defining the American Experience.
PSY-305: Contemporary Families (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
In this course, students engage with the major theories, empirical research, and current controversies on contemporary families. Contemporary families are notably diverse, varying in terms of their racial/ethnic makeup, number of parents, gender of parents, biological relatedness among family members, and many other factors. In turn, modern families are the subject of considerable debate and discussion, with questions centering on whether "the family" is in transition or in decline, whether certain families are more valid than others, and so on. This course examines the varied contextual forces and social locations that are fundamentally intertwined with, and serve to shape, family life (e.g., race, social class, immigration status), as well as the many forms that contemporary families take (e.g., single-parent families, lesbian/gay-parent families, adoptive families). Special attention is paid to timely but understudied topics related to family life, such as the influence of reproductive technologies (e.g., donor insemination) and information technologies (e.g., social media, text messaging, the Internet) on family life. Emphasis is placed on the major theoretical perspectives that have been used to understand and theorize about families. Finally, media representations of diverse families, as well as resources aimed at addressing the needs of contemporary families, are examined and critiqued based on the empirical literature.
PSY-310: Cognitive Psychology (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required. Junior or senior Psychology Majors or Neuroscience Minors or permission of the instructor is required.
This course is designed to examine the theoretical frameworks, research findings, neuropsychological links and applications in cognition in regard to the higher mental processes. Topics include, but will not be limited to, cognitive neuroscience, attention and consciousness, perception, memory, knowledge representation, language, problem solving and creativity, decision-making, and intelligence. Students will learn about the questions posed and research methods employed by Cognitive Psychology to facilitate their study of these aforementioned subtopics.
PSY-320: Psychology of Learning and Behavior (3 Credits)
This course is designed to provide students with an understanding of behavioral principles, with a focus on basic research and theories of learning and behavior. Topics include theories of respondent and operant conditioning, observational learning, and the relationship between biological and environmental influences on behavior.
PSY-320S: Psychology of Learning and Research/ Community Engagement (1 Credits)
Co-requisite(s): PSY-320 is required.
This course must be taken with a designated section of PSY-320. This course is intended to familiarize students with learning principles and theories, specifically respondent and operant conditioning. The course will introduce basic and applied research in these areas with a focus on applying the learning principles in real-world situations. Students in this course will complete 28 hours of service applying behavioral principles to address socially significant problems in the area.
PSY-324: Introduction to Clinical Psychology (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
This course provides a general overview of the field of clinical psychology. This course will review current issues in the profession of clinical psychology while incorporating readings and discussion of current science and its implications for the practice of clinical psychology. Course topics include intervention research, major components of clinical psychological practice, individual and cultural diversity considerations, and sub-specialties within the field of clinical psychology.
Offering Term(s): Fall Only Every Year
PSY-325: Statistics and Research Methods I (4 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
This course integrates curricula from introductory Statistics and Research Methods courses into a two-sequence, year-long course. Both descriptive and inferential statistics principles and procedures will be taught in the context of applied research practices including the development and implementation of student group research projects. Computer lab session will introduce students to statistics software to aid in the computation of statistics.
PSY-326: Statistics and Research Methods II (4 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-325 is required.
This course is the second of two courses which continues to integrate curricula from introductory Statistics and Research Methods. Both descriptive and inferential statistics principles and procedures will be taught in the context of applied research practices including the development and implementation of student group research projects. Computer lab session will introduce students to statistics software to aid in the computation of statistics.
PSY-328: Animal Training (3 Credits)
This course meets off-campus and students will need to secure their own transportation to the Potter League. Please plan for 15-20 minutes to drive there and back. This course is designed to provide students with a practical knowledge of behavior principles as they apply to animal training. Topics include but are not limited to shaping behavior, stimulus control, prompt hierarchies, extinction, and differential reinforcement. Students will apply what they learn at the Potter League, a local animal shelter, providing shelter dogs with essential training that may make them more desirable to adopters.
PSY-330: Psychological Testing (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
This course is designed to familiarize the student with the various types of psychological tests, including, but not limited to, those of aptitude, achievement, personality, vocational interest, and intelligence, and their uses and limitations. Problems in measurement and the concepts of reliability and validity will be discussed.
PSY-336: Psychology of Mindfulness (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 and sophomore academic standing are required.
This course will explore current research and theory on the psychology of mindfulness. Students will learn about the history and basic principles of mindfulness and common mindfulness-based interventions. The course will also provide students with exposure to current research on the relation between mindfulness and psychological well-being and the psychological mechanisms underlying the benefits of mindfulness practice.
PSY-338: Psychology of Women (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
This course will explore contemporary theories and research on the psychology of women, along with their implications and applications in the field of psychology. We will examine how gender intersects with other identity categories (e.g., race/ethnicity, social class, sexual orientation) to influence women's diverse experiences and impact their development across the lifespan. Drawing from various areas of psychology, this course will investigate some of the psychological underpinnings of social and political issues facing women today. This course focuses on the mercy critical concern of women.
PSY-340: Motivation (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
This course will investigate the major theoretical perspectives in biological, behavioral, and cognitive and current applications. Topics will include, but not be limited to, expectancy value, social motivation, attribution, drives, learning, incentive motivation, physiological mechanisms of arousal, and physiological mechanisms of regulation, and emotions. Emphasis will be placed on theory, basic research, and current applications of each topic studied.
PSY-342: Organizational Behavior (3 Credits)
Organizational behavior explores the theories and techniques for understanding human behavior in the workplace, including effective communication, organizational and personal goals, diversity, change management and more. Leadership, teamwork, job enrichment, productivity and motivation are also discussed as key elements for creating the most effective organizational culture and environment.
PSY-346: Psychology, Earth and Healing (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
This course studies the intricate interrelationship between the natural world and the human psyche. Ecopsychology research and theories will be studied to understand how the human psyche is part of the larger ecosystem. Emphasis will be on understanding biospheric wholeness and just actions required to restore and heal the Earth and mind. This course focuses on the mercy critical concern of Earth.
PSY-348: Psychology of Community (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
This course will explore how cooperation and cohesion within a community can be reached through evidence-based practices. A psychological and evolutionary approach to behavior change will guide our evaluation of community practices. By the end of the course, students will be able to identify core design principles for groups, discuss interventions for enhancing group cooperation, and discuss relevant psychological and evolutionary principles to groups.
PSY-350: Biological Psychology (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
Biological Psychology is defined as the study of the biological bases of behavior and cognition. It is concerned with the biological factors underlying behavior and cognition with special emphasis on the nervous and hormonal systems. In this course, the research methods and strategies of Biological Psychology will be examined, while exploring the major mechanisms of synaptic transmission and holistic nervous system functioning. Additional topics will include, but not be limited to, the neurological substrates of particular behaviors, e.g., the sensory systems (vision, hearing, taste, pain), sleep, emotion and stress, sexual behavior, ingestive behavior and mental disorders. Analysis will explore behavioral, cognitive, affective, anatomical, neurochemical, cellular, electrophysiological and communication mechanisms of the human nervous system.
PSY-352: Introduction to Forensic Psychology (3 Credits)
Why do people commit crime? How effective and reliable is the investigative process? How do jurors decide whether a person is guilty or innocent? How effective is treatment in reducing the risk of reoffending? In this up-to-date and highly informative class, we will attempt to reveal to students just how much forensic psychology can tell us . not only about offenders and their crimes, but also about the different stages of the criminal justice system. Covering social, psychological, biological and cognitive theories of crime, as well as research and theory relating to the investigative process, the courtroom and the penal system, this class will provide in-depth coverage of the major areas within forensic psychology. It could be a great class for curious students seeking an engaging and accessible introduction to this fascinating topic.
PSY-354: Political Psychology (3 Credits)
This course provides an analysis of psychological theories of personality, information processing, and decision making, apptying them to mass and elite political behavior. Cross-listed with POL-354 Political Psychology
Fulfills Core Requirement in Social Sciences.
Theme: Defining the American Experience.
Offering Term(s): Spring Only Odd Years
PSY-356: Psychology of Crime and Victimization (3 Credits)
This class will explore what's behind the experiences of both offenders and victims of crime. Students will learn how taking a psychological approach will allow them to look at different types of offending behavior with a view to understanding those behind it and working to reduce rates of reoffending. Students will gain an insight into the challenges faced by victims of crime. and study the theoretical perspectives that inform our understanding of victimization. Students will explore the wider historical and political contexts that influence victim-centered policy and legislation, gaining the skills they need to advocate for victims of crime anywhere within the criminal justice system. This class will ready students to work on behalf of offenders or victims of crime and to achieve the best outcomes for them, within criminal justice agencies, related support services and collaborative partnerships.
PSY-362: Social Decision Making (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
Through this course, students will explore psychological theories of social choice with a special emphasis on behavioral theories. By the end of the course, students will be able to describe different theories of social decision-making, explain the behavioral mechanisms behind social choices, and predict social choices in experimental settings.
PSY-364: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (3 Credits)
This course provides an overview of psychological disorders relevant to childhood and adolescence. Students will learn the etiology, DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria, and developmental impacts of psychological disorders that arise during childhood and adolescence, including neurodevelopmental disorders, learning disorders, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders. Students will also be introduced to state-of-the-science research underlying empirically supported treatments of the disorders covered.
Offering Term(s): Fall Only Every Year
PSY-384: Psychological Diagnoses & Sociocultural Contexts (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required and junior or senior standing.
This course examines current classification systems for psychological conditions, focusing specifically on the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Topics include dominant historical discourses about psychological dysfunction and theoretical perspectives from which to conceptualize diagnostic criteria Students are encouraged to account for sociocultural factors in exploring currently widespread conditions (i.e., anxiety disorders, trauma. and stress-related disorders, mood disorders) and consider their own likely roles as future helping professionals.
PSY-390: Optimal Human Functioning/Positive Psychology (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
This course is designed to investigate the current research, theories and modern perspectives in the area of optimal human functioning. Topics will include, but not be limited to, flow, the psychology of happiness, optimism, well-being theory, and creativity. Emphasis will be given to applications of the material under study for making a meaningful life experience. We will be reading current articles and several books in the area of optimal human functioning. Students will be expected to contribute in a seminar style format, researching, reflecting and making informal and formal presentations.
Fulfills Core Requirement in Social Sciences.
Theme: Engaging Creative, Aesthetic and Spiritual Experience.
PSY-399: Special Topics (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
This course investigates a topic of current interest in the field of psychology. The topics to be covered and the focus of the course will be specified at the time of registration. This course may be repeated for different topics.
PSY-400: Counseling Theories and Strategies (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 is required.
The purpose of this course is to introduce the student to the roles and functions of a counselor, to understand the main counseling strategies, and to provide a framework for understanding the counseling process while developing basic counseling skills.
PSY-405: Community Research (3 Credits)
This course will utilize community behavioral research to influence behavior change amongst individuals in a group. As part of this course, the instructor and students will work on and off-campus with different organizations interested in improving their group's efficacy, cohesion, and cooperation. Students will become familiar with community research practices and interventions as well as how to implement and conduct relevant research.
Offering Term(s): Fall Only Every Year
PSY-408: The Blameless Individual (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): PSY-100 and any of the following completed: PSY-210, PSY-320, PSY-362, PSY-410 or permission of instructor are required.
This course will focus on answering a fundamental question in psychology: Who do we blame for "bad behavior? In modern society, the blame is often directed toward the individual who engages in "bad" behavior. We will critically evaluate who should receive blame and engage in critical discourse related to why people behave in maladaptive ways and how we can support human potential. This course will be discussion intensive with a philosophy of psychology focus.
Offering Term(s): Fall Only Every Year
PSY-410: Applied Behavioral Analysis II (3 Credits)
Co-requisite(s): PSY-410S is recommended.
Students in this course will practice hands-on skills that are required in research and practice in Applied Behavior Analysis, will develop a deeper understanding of concepts introduced in ABA I or Psychology of Learning and will become familiar with foundational and current research in behavior analysis.
PSY-410S: Applied Behavior Analysis II and Community Engagement (1 Credits)
Co-requisite(s): PSY-410 is required.
This course must be taken with a designated section of PSY-410: Applied Behavior Analysis II. Students enrolled in this course will complete 28 hours of community-based fieldwork in which they will apply the concepts learned in class to real-world situations.
PSY-420: Applied Behavior Analysis Practicum (3 Credits)
This applied practicum is designed to provide students supervised experience working with populations of need and practicing the material learned in their coursework. To accommodate a wide range of student interests, multiple sites are available that specialize in different areas of applied behavior analysis and work with different populations.
PSY-430: History and Systems of Psychology Capstone (3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): Junior or senior academic standing, and near completion of requirements for the Psychology major or minor (one or two courses at most remaining), or permission of the instructor are required.
This capstone course surveys some of the historical events which have shaped modern psychology. The major perspectives of psychology explored include Structuralism, Functionalism, Behaviorism, Gestalt, Psychoanalysis, Humanistic, Biological, Cognitive and Positive Psychology. We will explore the philosophical roots of modern psychology. The political and historical events contributing to the zeitgeist that supported the development of each perspective will be analyzed. When looking at the impact of central figures in the field a more inclusive approach will be utilized. This capstone course will culminate with integrative and comprehensive written and oral presentations of the current status, political orientation and possible future directions of the modern perspectives of psychology.
PSY-499: Independent Study: Research Or Community Experience (1-3 Credits)
Pre-requisite(s): Junior or senior major in Psychology with all other requirements nearly completed (one or two courses at most remaining), a 3.0 GPA in Psychology and permission of a supervising faculty member required.
Independent Study in Research or Community Experience allows the exceptional junior or senior Psychology major in good academic standing an opportunity to conduct independent research or participate in a community experience under the supervision of a member of the department faculty. Topics to be investigated for a research focused independent study, objectives to be met, and the criteria for grading must be prearranged during the semester prior to the one in which the study will be conducted. Students must make their own arrangements for a community experience, including plans for an on-site supervisor who agrees to evaluate them at the end of the semester. A minimum of 3-4 hours per week are required for 1 credit; a minimum of 6-8 hours per week are required for 2 credits and a minimum of 10-12 hours per week are required for 3 credits. Community experiences, although taken for credit, are evaluated on a Pass/Fail basis.